|
SMS ''Hessen'' was the third of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the . She was laid down in 1902, launched the following year, and commissioned into the German Imperial Navy in 1905. She was named after the state of Hesse. Her sister ships were , , , and . Like all other pre-dreadnoughts built at the turn of the century, ''Hessen'' was quickly made obsolete by the launching of in 1906; as a result, she saw only limited service with the German fleet. During World War I, ''Hessen'' saw action in the Battle of Jutland as the second ship of the III Division of the II Battle Squadron. In the last daytime action between capital ships at Jutland, ''Hessen'' and the other pre-dreadnoughts of the II Battle Squadron covered the retreat of Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's battered battlecruisers from Vice Admiral David Beatty's battlecruiser squadron. After the battle, the vessel was disarmed and used as a depot ship. ''Hessen'' was one of the few obsolete battleships Germany was permitted to retain under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. She served as a coastal defense ship in the 1920s and early 1930s, though she was withdrawn from front-line service in 1934. The following year, the ship was converted into a radio-controlled target. During World War II ''Hessen'' served in this capacity, while also working as an icebreaker in the Baltic and North Seas. The ship was ceded to the Soviet Union in 1946 after the end of the war and, renamed ''Tsel'', served until scrapped in 1960. == Construction == (詳細はGermaniawerft in Kiel under construction number 100. The third unit of her class, she was ordered under the contract name "L" as a new unit for the fleet. The ship cost 23,867,000 marks. ''Hessen'' was launched on 18 September 1903 and commissioned on 19 July 1905. The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. The ship was powered by three 3-cylinder vertical triple expansion engines that drove three screws. Steam was provided by eight naval and six cylindrical boilers, all of which burned coal. ''Hessen''s powerplant was rated at , which generated a top speed of . ''Hessen''s armament consisted of a main battery of four 28 cm (11 in) SK L/40 guns in twin gun turrets, one fore and one aft of the central superstructure. Her secondary armament consisted of fourteen 17 cm (6.7 inch) SK L/40 guns and eighteen 8.8 cm (3.45 in) SK L/35 quick-firing guns. The armament suite was rounded out with six torpedo tubes, all mounted submerged in the hull. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SMS Hessen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|